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Primary Sources

justsecurity.org
Collection: Iran, Israel and the United States at War (2025-2026 ...

The United States and Israel launched a series of strikes against Iran on Feb. 28, 2026, bombing numerous sites in the cities of Tehran and across the country. Strikes killed Iran’s Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei and several other members of Iran’s leadership, including the commander of the Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC), and the country’s defense minister. Iran responded by launching missiles and drones at Israel and at U.S. military bases and other locations in Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, and Saudi Arabia, including oil and gas facilities and a residential high-rise building. Previously, Israel’s military had launched a series of strikes on Iran beginning on June 13, 2025, targeting Iranian nuclear facilities and scientists, military sites, and leadership, marking a major escalation in ongoing tensions between the two countries. On June 21, the United States conducted airstrikes on three nuclear sites in Iran – Fordow, Natanz, and Esfahan – joining the armed conflict and marking the first direct U.S. military attack on Iran’s nuclear program. In this collection, experts analyze critical dimensions of the U.S. and Israeli strikes on Iran and responses from Iran and other actors. Analysis covers topics including nuclear diplomacy; strategic, security, and regional implications; and the legality of the strikes and responses under both domestic and international law. This collection will be updated as events continue to unfold, in reverse chronological order. We invite you to check back regularly for the latest. Operation Epic Fury/Operation Roaring Lion (Beginning February 2026) Michael W. Meier, “Precision Strike Missiles” (PrSMs) in Iran War: The U.S. Obligation to Conduct a Legal Review of New Weapons (April 2, 2026) Tom Dannenbaum, Rebecca Hamilton, Adil Ahmad Haque, Oona A. Hathaway and Gabor Rona, Over 100 International Law Experts Warn: U.S. Strikes on Iran Violate UN Charter and May Be War Crimes (April 2, 2026) Luca Trenta and Arturo Jimenez-Bacardi, Khamenei’s Killing and the Perilous Death of the Assassination Ban (April 1, 2026) Annie Shiel and Priyanka Motaparthy, In the U.S. Strike on an Iranian School, What a Serious Military Investigation Should Look Like (March 30, 2026) Michael Schmitt, Tess Bridgeman and Ryan Goodman, Expert Q&A: A Targeting Primer on Iran War (March 27, 2026) Josph N. Orenstein, When Intelligence Fails: A Legal Targeting Analysis of the Minab School Strike (March 26, 2026) W. Casey...

justsecurity.org
britannica.com
2026 Iran war | Explained, United States, Israel, Strait of Hormuz, Map ...

Top Questions What is Operation Epic Fury? What were the main reasons for tensions between the United States and Iran before the 2026 conflict? How did the United States and Israel begin their military operation against Iran? What was Iran’s response to the strikes by the United States and Israel in February 2026? What was the global impact of the 2026 Iran war? News • 2026 Iran war, conflict centered on Iran that was initiated by the United States and Israel on February 28, 2026, and has upended the dynamics of the Middle East. The opening salvo took out the heart of the Iranian regime, Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei, and triggered a torrent of hundreds of retaliatory missiles and thousands of drones from Iran across the region. The attacks have left enormous damage, thousands of people dead in Iran and Lebanon, dozens dead in Israel and the Gulf Arab states, and millions of people displaced in the region, including more than one-sixth of the population in Lebanon.The confrontation took place after years of rising tension over Iran’s nuclear program, its ballistic missiles, and its military reach across the Middle East. Attempts to renegotiate a nuclear deal (after the collapse of the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action [JCPOA]) in 2025 and 2026 were unsuccessful. Meanwhile, Iran’s posture was in a weakened state after years of sanctions, recent destabilizing protests, damage inflicted during the 12-day war with Israel in June 2025, and the diminished position of Iran’s allies during the Israel-Hamas War. Given Iran’s weakened position, the United States and Israel calculated that they had greater opportunity to advance their objectives through military means than by diplomatic means. Midmorning on February 28, U.S. and Israeli forces began conducting joint strikes on Iran, numbering nearly 900 in just the first 12 hours of what the United States dubbed Operation Epic Fury. The attacks targeted Iranian missiles and air defenses, other military infrastructure, and Iranian leadership. According to U.S. and Israeli officials, the timing of the initial attack was tied in part to the ability to target Ali Khamenei, Iran’s supreme leader, before he would go into hiding. Khamenei was killed in the first wave of strikes on February 28, as were dozens of other top Iranian officials. U.S. forces are also believed to have struck a girls’ school in a town east of Bandar Abbas, according to a preliminary investigation by the U.S. military, killing about 170 people while...

britannica.com
nytimes.com
Iran War Maps: Tracking the Mideast Conflict - The New York Times

Iran War Maps: Tracking the Mideast Conflict Maps show where U.S. and Israel have struck Iran, and where Iran has retaliated. Published March 3, 2026 Updated April 3, 2026 Share full article

nytimes.com
globalmilitary.net
2026 Iran Conflict — Military Losses Tracker (89+)

2026 Iran Conflict — Military Losses Tracker Overview On February 28, 2026, the United States and Israel launched coordinated strikes against Iran, codenamed Operation Epic Fury (US) and Operation Roaring Lion (Israel).

globalmilitary.net