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Geopolitical Risk and Shipping Supply Chain Resilience: Systemic ...
1. Introduction and Literature ReviewIn recent years, global instability has intensified, with a growing number of geopolitical flashpoints emerging worldwide. The Russia–Ukraine conflict has turned the Black Sea into a militarized zone; the Red Sea crisis and Houthi attacks have disrupted traffic along the Suez Canal route; and escalating tensions between the United States and Iran have increased transportation risks in the Strait of Hormuz [1,2,3]. Alongside persistent geopolitical tensions, including disputes in the South China Sea and the Israel–Palestine conflict, these developments have heightened uncertainty in cargo sourcing, increased the complexity of shipping routes, and amplified freight rate volatility [4,5]. Against this increasingly complex international landscape, a rigorous assessment of how geopolitical risk affects shipping supply chain resilience (SSCR) has become an important research agenda for advancing global maritime governance reform.Research on SSCR has attracted increasing attention. The literature mainly focuses on two aspects. The first concerns the conceptualization of SSCR. Supply chain resilience is commonly defined as a dynamic process spanning the pre-shock, shock, and post-shock stages. It includes anticipatory capabilities such as prediction, redundancy, and network diversification before disruptions; absorptive and response capacities during disruptions; and recovery and adaptation capabilities after disruptions [6,7]. Empirically, this definition often relies on transaction- or firm-level high-frequency data, which may be subject to limited observability. Some studies adopt a regional or national perspective and extend supply chain resilience to a country’s ability to maintain stable operations under external shocks [8,9]. From this perspective, resilience extends beyond firm-level recovery performance and reflects a forward-looking capacity for risk mitigation and systemic adaptation [5,10]. Building on this literature, this study defines SSCR as a country’s ability, under external uncertainties such as geopolitical shocks, to reduce disruption risks and maintain stable operations through the optimization of shipping network structures, institutional arrangements, and resource allocation. The openness of shipping networks and their strong cross-jurisdictional dependence further distinguish SSCR from resilience frameworks developed for manufacturing supply chains [11,12]. These differences are particularly evident acr...
Research Progress on the Impact of Geopolitical Risks on the Resilience ...
Additionally, review of empirical studies on the impact of geopolitical risks on the resilience of transnational food supply chains reveals that existing research generally supports the view that geopolitical risks significantly diminish the resilience of China's transnational food supply chains, although variations exist across different grain ...
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Geopolitics And The Stocks: What Investors Need To Know
Discover how geopolitical tensions and conflicts impact markets, sectors, and capital flows — and how to spot risks and opportunities before the news breaks.
